Forging method of titanium metal materials

Forging is a forming processing method that applies external force to titanium metal blanks (excluding plates) to cause plastic deformation, change size, shape and improve performance. It is used to manufacture mechanical parts, workpieces, tools or blanks. In addition, depending on the amount of movement of the slider and the amount of vertical and horizontal movement of the slider (used for forging, lubrication and cooling of slender parts, and forging of high-speed production parts), a compensation device can be used to increase the amount of movement in other directions. The above methods are different, and the required forging force, process, material utilization, output, dimensional tolerance, and lubrication and cooling methods are also different. These factors are also factors that influence the level of automation.

According to the movement mode of the blank, forging can be divided into free forging, upsetting, extrusion, die forging, closed die forging, and closed upsetting. Since there is no flash in closed die forging and closed upsetting, the material utilization rate is high. Complex forgings can be finished in one or more operations. Since there is no flash, the stress-bearing area of the forging is reduced and the required load is also reduced. However, care should be taken not to restrict whitespace completely. To this end, it is necessary to strictly control the volume of the blank, control the relative position of the forging dies and measure the forgings, and strive to reduce the wear of the forging dies.
According to the movement mode of the forging die, forging can be divided into swing rolling, swing forging, roll forging, cross wedge rolling, ring rolling and cross rolling. Vibration rolling, vibration forging and rolling rings can also be processed by precision forging. In order to improve material utilization, roll forging and cross-rolling can be used as front-end processing of slender materials. Rotary forging, like open forging, is also partially formed. The advantage is that it can be formed with a smaller forging force compared to the size of the forging. In this forging method involving free forging, the material expands from near the die surface to the free surface during processing. Therefore, it is difficult to guarantee accuracy. Therefore, computers are used to control the movement direction of the forging die and the rotating forging process, and products with complex shapes and high precision can be obtained with lower forging power, such as multi-variety and multi-variety steam turbine blades and other forgings. large size.
In order to obtain higher accuracy, attention should be paid to preventing overloading of the bottom dead center and controlling the speed and mold position. Because these will have an impact on forging tolerances, shape accuracy and forging die life. In addition, in order to maintain accuracy, attention should also be paid to adjusting the slider guide rail clearance, ensuring stiffness, adjusting the bottom dead center, using auxiliary transmission devices, etc.
The materials used in titanium forging are mainly pure titanium and titanium alloys of various compositions. The original state of materials includes bar stock, ingot, metal powder and liquid metal. The ratio of the cross-sectional area of the metal before deformation to the cross-sectional area after deformation is called the forging ratio. Correct selection of forging ratio, reasonable heating temperature and holding time, reasonable starting and ending forging temperatures, reasonable deformation amount and deformation speed have a great relationship with improving product quality and reducing costs. Small and medium-sized forgings generally use round bars or square bars as blanks. The grain structure and mechanical properties of the rod are uniform and good, the shape and size are accurate, the surface quality is good, and it is easy to organize mass production. As long as the heating temperature and deformation conditions are reasonably controlled, forgings with excellent performance can be forged without large forging deformation.
Titanium metal materials are usually forged using professional equipment such as hydraulic forging machines or mechanical forging

machines. Here are some common equipment and equipment requirements:
Hydraulic Forging Machine: Hydraulic forging machine is a piece of equipment widely used for forging. It achieves the shape change of metal through high pressure provided by a hydraulic system. For the forging of titanium, this equipment is usually able to provide sufficient pressure and control to ensure that the proper temperature and shape are maintained during the forging process.
Mechanical forging machine: Mechanical forging machine realizes the forging process through a mechanical transmission system. This equipment can provide higher impact force as needed, allowing the titanium metal to plastically deform at the appropriate temperature.
Forging molds: For titanium metal parts of different shapes and sizes, corresponding forging molds need to be designed and manufactured. These dies ensure the desired shape during the forging process.
When forging titanium materials, there are some special requirements and precautions:
Temperature control: Titanium metal is temperature sensitive, so the temperature needs to be strictly controlled during the forging process to prevent the material from being overheated or overcooled, which will affect its performance.
Anti-oxidation: Titanium metal is prone to oxidation at high temperatures, so measures need to be taken during the forging process, such as using an inert atmosphere or coating a protective layer, to prevent oxidation from occurring.
Equipment materials: The contact parts of forging equipment need to use high temperature resistant and corrosion resistant materials to ensure that the equipment can operate stably at high temperatures and during the forging process.