Why can titanium become the leader among metals?
Due to its low relative density, excellent heat and corrosion resistance, and high structural strength, titanium and its alloys have been the subject of extensive research and application ever since it was discovered in the early 20th century. Contrasted and unadulterated metals, titanium compounds have more and better properties, so they are utilized in different situations. Furthermore, with the headway of science and innovation, titanium combination has turned into a vital material for new advancements, new gear and new cycles, and its connected ventures have placed another time of authentic turn of events.
Titanium properties and applications
Titanium is a silver-white metal that is classified as a rare light metal in metal classification. Its melting point is 1668°C, and the phase transition point is 882°C from the β phase of the body-centered cubic lattice to the α phase of the close-packed hexagonal lattice, or from the α phase to the β phase. Compared with other metals, titanium has its own properties in terms of chemical substances and mechanical properties.
1. Low density and high specific strength
The thickness of titanium metal is 4.51g/cm³, which is higher than aluminum and lower than steel, copper, and nickel, however its particular strength is higher than aluminum compound and high-strength amalgam steel. The high unambiguous strength shows that the metal material is light and high-strength, so titanium is likewise a lightweight and high-strength metal underlying material. Titanium's high unambiguous strength makes it broadly utilized in the advancement of state of the art advances like flight, aviation, rockets, and weapons. Overall enterprises, titanium and titanium composites are utilized in rapid turning generator holding rings, huge cutting edges of steam turbines, very good quality bikes, golf clubs, shafts for high leaps, and so on.
2. Low elastic modulus[i]
The elastic modulus of titanium is 106.4GMPa at room temperature, which is 57% of steel. This indicates that titanium's ability to resist normal strain is lower than that of steel, so titanium's use is limited and it is not suitable for rigid structural components. However, in titanium long tube bundle heat exchangers, the baffle design overcomes the shortcomings of extremely poor stiffness and works well even under vibration conditions.
3. Small thermal conductivity
The heat transfer mechanism of titanium metal is mainly electronic heat conduction, followed by lattice heat conduction. Actual test results show that the thermal conductivity of titanium is 0.1507J, which is one-fifth that of low carbon steel and one-25th that of copper, which is similar to stainless steel. Although titanium has a small thermal conductivity, it can be used to make rock climbing pitons. Its titanium pitons are not only lightweight but also do not conduct friction and heat, making them an ideal material for mountaineers.
4. Tensile strength is close to its yield strength
The yield strength ratio (tensile strength/yield strength) of titanium is high, resulting in poor plastic deformation of titanium metal materials during forming. In addition, the yield limit of titanium is greater than the elastic modulus, so titanium has greater resilience during molding.
This characteristic of titanium allows us to find the best processing and forming conditions - warm forming, which avoids stress and stress cracking caused by titanium's high resilience and high yield ratio, and avoids hydrogen embrittlement caused by titanium. of hydrogen absorption above 400°C. This is one of the reasons why the ambient temperature specified does not exceed 315°C when using titanium equipment in general industry.
5. Non-magnetic and non-toxic
Titanium is a non-magnetic metal and will not be magnetized in a large magnetic field. Titanium pacemakers are not affected by thunderstorms and have good compatibility with human tissue and blood, so they are used by the medical community.
6. Strong anti-damping performance[ii]
After titanium metal is subjected to mechanical vibration and electrical vibration, its own vibration attenuation time is the longest compared with steel and copper metals. This property of titanium can be used as tuning forks, vibration components of medical ultrasonic pulverizers, and vibration films of high-end audio speakers.
7. Good heat resistance
New titanium alloys can be used for long periods at temperatures of 600°C or higher. With the development of the aviation and aerospace industry, heat-resistant titanium alloys are used in engine disks, blades, rear fuselage, guides, air intake turns and other components.
8. Good low temperature resistance
Low-temperature titanium alloys represented by titanium alloys TA7 (Ti-5Al-2.5Sn), TC4 (Ti-6Al-4V) and Ti-2.5Zr-1.5Mo have their strength increase as the temperature decreases, but the plasticity does not change. big. It maintains good ductility and toughness at low temperatures of -196-253°C, avoiding the cold brittleness of metal. It is an ideal material for cryogenic containers, storage boxes and other equipment.
9. Strong suction performance
Titanium is a very chemically reactive metal that can react with many elements and compounds at high temperatures. Titanium breathing mainly refers to the reaction with carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen at high temperatures.
10. Strong corrosion resistance
Titanium is a very active metal with a very low equilibrium potential and a high tendency of thermodynamic corrosion in the medium.Yet, as a matter of fact, titanium is entirely steady in numerous media. For instance, titanium is erosion safe in oxidizing, impartial and feebly lessening media. This is on the grounds that titanium has an extraordinary fondness with oxygen. A dense, highly adhesive, and inert oxide film forms on the surface of the titanium in media containing oxygen or air, shielding the titanium matrix from corrosion. Indeed, even because of mechanical wear, it will rapidly recuperate or recover itself, which shows that titanium is a metal with a solid inclination to passivate.
As of now, titanium has become one of the key metal materials for endeavors to take on new cycles, new advances, and enormous scope, computerized, protected, dependable, and long haul creation hardware.
